by PeterLiberals are usually suspicious of the state - prepared to make use of it, but reluctant to give it more respect than it earns. Transcendent models of the state (like nationalism) cause Liberals enormous concern (and so they should). This carries over into Liberal thinking on international relations, where Liberals typically wish to clip the wings of the State. Three nineteenth century figures typify the different strands in Liberal thinking: Cobden, Gladstone and Palmerston.For Cobden, the essence of foreign policy was peace, and the way to achieve it was to minimise contacts between governments, and maximise the contacts between ...